Why It's Damaging To Label Kids
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Scott Barry Kaufman, whom I recently had on my radio show to talk about his new book, Ungifted, made The Today Show website's front page. An excerpt from the Jacoba Urist interview with him, about how he was slotted into special ed and finally broke out in 9th grade, going on to Yale and getting a Ph.D., and becoming a young prof at NYU:
Kaufman warns parents and educators about the dangers of labeling kids early on as either "ungifted" or "gifted and talented"-- and creating a self-fulfilling prophecy for students that can follow them into adulthood. He says the latter group can feel enormous fear about losing the label, and avoid seeking new skills and react unhealthily to minor setbacks.Luckily for Kaufman, everything changed one day in the ninth grade. A young special education teacher, Joyce Jeuell, who was helping in his class, took him aside and asked why he was still in the "resource room".
"It was pretty amazing," recalls Kaufman, "and everything just accelerated rapidly from there. Because this one teacher saw beyond the label of a 'special ed kid,' she empowered me to question the experts' opinion of my intelligence."
Today, at 34, Kaufman is a psychology professor at New York University, with a Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from Yale and a blog "Beautiful Minds" on Scientific American. After that fateful encounter with Juell freshman year, he says, he went on to earn straight A's in regular high school classes, where he'd been getting C's and D's in his special education ones.
But why wouldn't Kaufman have performed better in his special education classes if, clearly, he was so capable of it?
The answer may lie in something called the "expectancy effect." According to Kaufman, educational research shows that pigeonholing students can actually create outcomes, so that children placed in special education or called "ungifted" can become much less motivated than their peers--because they internalize the label and eventually believe that they aren't intelligent. He illustrates in his book how studies have also shown that teachers treat students differently based on their "status," are more respectful of "regular" kids than the "ungifted," and have higher expectations for "talented" children, creating a kind of intelligence feedback loop.
My show with him is here:
Advice Goddess Radio: Dr. Scott Barry Kaufman on how your child can be more than his test scores.








Sounds like my situation back when I was in school. I wasn't labeled but I could tell not much was expected from me. Eventually there was a test, specifically end of middle school for what to take 9in high school, and I got exceptional grades in math and certain sciences. I think I got them because I was just doing it for shits, it didn't matter because, I figured, I would be taking basic low-level classes any way. Now I am in computer sciences with a bachelors in software engineering.
The label, implied as it was, set me back. I am 35, close to Kaufman's age.
NakkiNyan at June 24, 2013 11:51 PM
Another aspect: If you are bored out of your mind, you don't perform.
I was placed in the "slow" math class. One day, in the first math lesson of a new school year, I got fed up with the idiocy and snarkily corrected a mistake the teacher made on the chalkboard. Unlike previous math teachers, who had just disciplined me for disruptive behavior, this one took me straight off to the fast-track math class and left me there.
You know what made the difference? This was a teacher who knew math, knew that his mistake was not obvious, knew that anyone who saw it understood math. Why did he know this? Because he had a degree in mathematics, not in education. That made all the difference.
That couldn't happen today, because teachers are required to have degrees in education, rather than degrees in what they teach. Until now private schools have been able to ignore this, but now the federal government wants to force this through everywhere.
Get the federal government out of education.
a_random_guy at June 25, 2013 12:23 AM
" Because he had a degree in mathematics, not in education. "
Man I'd kill for teachers like that.
Ppen at June 25, 2013 3:00 AM
My older bro was put in the "slow" classes his first few years in elementary. Took my mom's constant fit-pitching and an actual good teacher to get him put in the advanced classes, where he excelled.
Having twins, the question that drives me BATTIEST from strangers about them is "now which one is the smart/evil/good/older/outgoing/shy/whatever one?" Do NOT label my kids. In any way.
One thing I love about our charter school is the entire school gets what would be considered a "G&T" curriculum. Every student can benefit from that. Not every student at our school got promoted this year (no social promotions here!), but they did all get benefits from it.
momof4 at June 25, 2013 5:49 AM
the problem is that not every kid is equally intelligent. So how do we handle that? How do we make sure to give every kid the chance to live up to his/her potential, without dragging down the ones who actually are more intelligent?
Gabe at June 25, 2013 6:26 AM
@Gabe: How? No system is perfect, but there are two things that would help immensely.
1. Locally run schools. Local communities and parents determining what works for them. Get the feds entirely education.
2. Require teachers to show excellent skills in all of the subjects they teach. From junior high or middle school onwards, require degrees in their subjects.
a_random_guy at June 25, 2013 12:52 PM
I hope you meant Get the feds entirely out of education.? ;-)
And I thoroughly agree. There does need to be some state level preemption, but even that can be limited to meeting read/writing/math standards.
I'm in sort of a split on teaching creationism/ evolution but as I stated earlier do I care which he believes as long as the plumber isn't proselytizing while replacing my pipes?
Jim P. at June 25, 2013 7:23 PM
Gabe: Mixed-age classes, promotion based on learning the skill set, not on age. It would mean retweaking the entire system, though, so it isn't going to happen.
As it stands, your options are either tracking, or having the teacher work out an individual curriculum for each of the kids s/he teaches based on their abilities, which is an unreasonable expectation.
Locally run schools isn't going to solve the problem of some kids learning faster than others.
The research shows that in mixed-ability classrooms the slower kids thrive but the gifted kids tend to whither.
NicoleK at June 26, 2013 12:49 AM
I agree labels can be self-fulfilling - both positive and negative. I think many so-called 'slow' kids would probably benefit a lot from just the right type of guidance or motivation or assistance .. I suspect that 'right type of guidance for individuals' is often what is missing from the system. I think it's about care and attention to each individual's situation.
"the problem is that not every kid is equally intelligent. So how do we handle that? How do we make sure to give every kid the chance to live up to his/her potential"
I suspect a big problem is not that there aren't enough opportunities in the system 'per se', I wonder if many under-performers aren't just struggling with personal problems. You can keep spending more and more on education and better schools, at some point it isn't going to help if the problem is e.g. that a child is depressed or has a crappy home situation or e.g. hates coming to school because they get bullied, or their parents are getting divorced, whatever. If I think back to my own school years, most of the kids who performed poorly academically, had difficult home situations.
"Kaufman warns parents and educators about the dangers of labeling kids early on as either "ungifted" or "gifted and talented""
I was labelled 'gifted' (and talented) and I'll admit I think the 'label' benefited me a lot - but not in the way one might think, i.e. not in terms of direct reputation AT ALL (I never once got the impression that anyone in the 'real world' cared e.g. employers, not even university admissions), BUT I was extremely depressed and beaten-down as a child and it bolstered my self-esteem a bit, and helped give me some reason to live to know at least I had something going for me in life.
Ironically though, it didn't make me feel smart, on the contrary, it made me feel stupid ... many of the other 'gifted' kids were much smarter or more motivated than I was, and so when I struggled to 'get' concepts that seemed easy to them, I thought I was just not that smart. I underperformed. In hindsight, I think I mostly just needed some better mentoring, treatment for depression, and someone in the system who cared enough to pay attention.
Lobster at June 26, 2013 6:36 AM
"If I think back to my own school years, most of the kids who performed poorly academically, had difficult home situations."
Actually, obviously anecdotal, but I'm just thinking for the guys I knew at school who underperformed academically, there's almost a common theme, most of them had bad relationships with their dads, or had abusive dads, or had 'absent' dads etc.
Lobster at June 26, 2013 6:51 AM
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