Don't Assume Our Medical Standards Are Much More Science-Based Than A Witch Doctor's
Eye-opening piece from Dr. Jason Fung at Medium, on the unscientific history of antibiotic-taking guidelines:
Antibiotics is another area where current medical teaching is completely logic-free. In many ways it reminds me of the entire 'Type 2 diabetic patients have too much insulin. So, let's give them more insulin and see if it helps'...Antibiotic treatment regimens are largely the same. Suppose you go to your physician for a bacterial infection. Viruses, like most common colds, are not affected by antibiotics, so therefore should not be prescribed. However, because many bacterial infections have the same symptoms, antibiotics are often prescribed 'just in case', leading to overprescription and overuse.
Exposure creates resistance. High persistent levels of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance. In this case, the antibiotics kill off most of the bacteria, but there will always be a few that are resistant. Since everybody else is dead, these resistant bacteria, which used to be very rare, are able to multiply, propagate and pass on their resistance to other bacteria. This is a well-known phenomenon.
And you know those stern warnings about your needing to take the whole dose of pills you've been prescribed?"Somebody made up a regimen 14 days and that's why they gave you 14 days," writes Fung:
There are, in fact, virtually no studies to guide the proper length of treatment. It's basically the WAG method (wild-assed-guessing). Most of medicine follows the WAG methodology, although doctors will try to convince you otherwise. It is standard to treat infections in 7 day increments -- 7 days or 14 days. Why? Because somebody said so. In the year 1695!Usually, with the antibiotics will come with the admonition that you should take all 14 days, even if you are feeling better by day 2. You might ask the question 'Why should I take another 13 days of antibiotics if I'm feeling well?' To which the only answer is 'Because I said so'.
The most common reason given to complete the full course even if you are feeling well is because you don't want to cause resistance. Huh? Too much antibiotics creates resistance. So, we should take another 13 days of useless antibiotics to prevent resistance when we know that it will actually CREATE resistance? WTF?
...Again, let's consider this logically. If you are otherwise healthy, you have an immune system to deal with infections. It gets overwhelmed, so you need antibiotics. Within 2 days of antibiotic reinforcements, the war on bacteria has turned in your favor. Most of the enemy is dead, and the remaining bacteria are beating a hasty retreat. We can stop using the nuclear arsenal and let the immune system mop up. Is there any harm? No. What's the worst that will happen? If the bacteria start to mount a comeback, then you can take more antibiotics.
But what happens if you slavishly take all 14 days? You got better, but you would have gotten better after 2 days anyways. However, the heavy overusage of antibiotics is known to cause much higher rates of resistance and future battles against bacteria will not go as easily. Any benefits? Not that I can see. The problem of resistance cannot be underestimated. It doesn't simply affect you, it affects the entire health care system. A problem created for nobody's benefit.
Today's medicine -- that space-age-looking ultra-sound machine in your doctor's office at the medical facility makes it all seem so plausibly scientific.








Most of the enemy is dead, and the remaining bacteria are beating a hasty retreat.
That's cute, but stupid - as if the remaining bacteria, the most resistant ones, become frightened and flee from your body.
Common antibiotic regimens are 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. Some infections are treated with a single dose. Some take months. It depends on the type of infection, the severity of it, and which antibiotic is being used. It's based on decades of experience in treating billions of infections, and a lot of learning things the hard way.
Some antibiotics are taken twice a day, some three times and some four. The doses are spaced evenly apart. The idea is to keep the bacteria continuously exposed to a high enough level of the antibiotic over a long enough period of time to completely eradicate them. Some infections take longer to kill than others.
In an infection being treated with antibiotics the least resistant bacteria will die first; the more resistant the bacteria are the longer it will take for the antibiotic to kill them. When most of the bacteria are killed, perhaps in the first two days, the signs and symptoms may resolve and the person will feel all better. The bacteria that are still alive by then are the most resistant. If you stop taking the antibiotic because the signs and symptoms are gone, maybe your immune system will finish off the few remaining bacteria. If not then those most resistant bacteria will reproduce, and the next infection will be harder to treat.
It's very common for people to stop taking an antibiotic as soon as they feel better, instead of finishing the full course and completely eradicating the most resistant bacteria. This is how antibiotic-resistant infections develop. It's not because of taking too much antibiotic.
Ken Richards at April 6, 2018 10:28 PM
This is the first Asian doctor I don't trust, like, at all.
If you only need AB for two days, it's either because you're on nucular-option Vancomycin, or you can afford a trip to the doctor anytime you feel that your face is a little warm.
I grew up with more than enough trips to the doctor and/or the hospital to know better than to stop taking antibiotics just because the fever and the swelling are gone.
Sixclaws at April 6, 2018 10:48 PM
I thought the idea was you had to kill every last bacteria, because the ones that "beat a hasty retreat" have now learned about the antibiotic and will come back stronger. So you have to take no prisoners.
NicoleK at April 6, 2018 11:30 PM
"Is there any harm? No. What's the worst that will happen? If the bacteria start to mount a comeback, then you can take more antibiotics."
This person is an idiot.
The harm is that if the bacteria start to mount a comeback the bacteria that survived were the ones that were most resistant to the original antibiotic treatment.
Even a limited understanding of how evolution works would indicate that the new population of bacteria will now be harder to treat... and if you infect someone else with this new population of bacteria that person will be infected with more resilient germs.
I cannot take anyone seriously who talks about the "unscientific" basis of medicine when they clearly do not understand one of the key pillars of our modern understanding of biology.
Artemis at April 7, 2018 3:38 AM
These articles are nothing new. Warnings about anitibiotic overuse and misuse have been coming out at least since the early seventies, and maybe before.
Anecdotally, i have a cousin who was born in 1951. He had rhematic fever as a small child and was put on one penicillin tab a day ostensibly for the rest of his life to try and prevent a reoccurrence. Crazy town.
Anitibiotics have been prescribed for years for things they wont make a dent in, such as viral infections.
Two reasons for that, maybe more. The first is doctors don't get paid for doing nothing. Second, legal liability.
So I think arguing about the length of treatment is rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic.
Anitibioitics don't selectively kill *bad* bacteria. Broad spectrum ones are generally designed to kill *all*bacteria, even the stuff that is beneficial. Thus it has always been a crap shoot as to whether you were potentially hurting or helping the patient, in all but the most severe cases of infection.
Isab at April 7, 2018 7:15 AM
There is another "cause" for Antibiotics overuse that I didn't see mentioned in the article - the stupid patients!
Too many patients seem to expect something - anything - for their every little sniffle. And, many doctors will prescribe them something for fear of losing patients.
How many people are happy when they take off from work to go to the doctor only to have him/her tell them to go home, stay in bed, and drink OJ and chicken soup? and no meds given! Yea, doctors that prescribe that will lose quite a few of their patients to the doctor down the street who will give out pills like candy!
So, it isn't just "current medical teaching" that is the problem - it is often just people who are the problem.
charles at April 7, 2018 7:37 AM
Oh, and what I said above fits in well with your post title, Amy, witch doctor's "magic" works because patients expect it too.
So, doctors prescribing "anything" works too for the same reason - people expect them too.
In both cases, the patients might have very well gotten better with/without any "doctor."
charles at April 7, 2018 7:40 AM
I question this author's grasp of basic medicine. Antibiotic treatment lengths vary widely, as was pointed out already. Drs used to hand antibiotics out like candy, yes, but that practice has been stopped for decades. It's very difficult to get antibiotics even for things like ear infections, sinus infections, even pneumonia nowadays.
If you are going to stop taking antibiotics before the course is finished, dont bother starting them.
I DO keep up with the research, which is why my hospital is on the forefront of adopting practices like eliminating flagyl as a C dif treatment, and using droplet ISO for C dif instead of contact. Fecal clouds, theyre a thing, people!!
Momof4 at April 7, 2018 7:44 AM
“I question this author's grasp of basic medicine. Antibiotic treatment lengths vary widely, as was pointed out already. Drs used to hand antibiotics out like candy, yes, but that practice has been stopped for decades”
In some places in the US, yes, but in Great Britain, and other countries, world wide, it is still a huge problem. Dentists are some of the biggest offenders, here and overseas.
The explosion in C diff infections was caused by routine anitibiotic use, in hospitals and nursing homes.
Isab at April 7, 2018 8:00 AM
"Antibiotic-resistant" does not mean "antibiotic-immune."
It's possible that taking the full 14 day course could be enough to overwhelm the resistant bacteria and kill them.
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Karen: "I thought were were gonna use the surplus to buy bullet-proof vests."
Davis: "I saved a little money and bought bullet-resistant vests."
Karen: "Ever slept in a water-resistant tent? You get pretty wet."
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Conan the Grammarian at April 7, 2018 8:02 AM
Ken Richards is right. This writer is scientifically illiterate. It's too bad he can't be sued for malpractice because his writing is sure to cause harm.
jdgalt at April 7, 2018 9:04 AM
Ken Richards is right. This writer is scientifically illiterate. It's too bad he can't be sued for malpractice because his writing is sure to cause harm.
jdgalt at April 7, 2018 9:04 AM
Since journalists in general have such poor analytical skills, getting sued regularly for misstatements of logic and fact, would pretty much doom the profession.
Doctors treating you make their best guess on what would be helpful and what would be harmful. Generally if they are right sixty percent of the time, I would call them a good doctor.
There is no certainty in medicine, and there are loads of side effects, and unintended consequences.
Isab at April 7, 2018 9:55 AM
Charles Says:
"There is another "cause" for Antibiotics overuse that I didn't see mentioned in the article - the stupid patients!"
The problem of patient compliance with medical directives goes well beyond antibiotic use.
This has been a serious ongoing problem in the medical field.
If patients followed the advice and treatment directives provided by medical professionals then overall health outcomes would be much improved.
If you happen to be in doubt regarding the advice you have been given by a medical professional the best course of action is to get a second opinion immediately from a qualified expert before deciding on your own that you know how to increase or reduce doses of medication.
Often times medications will come with direct advice to discontinue use if certain adverse side effects are noted... but one should still communicate with a physician to determine the best path forward.
Artemis at April 7, 2018 11:40 PM
Another issue I don't see mentioned is antibiotics in animal feed. Long term antibiotic use causes weight gain. A good outcome when raising food animals. Also the close conditions in factory farms leads to a lot of illness. So animal feed has antibiotics mixed in. This is a major source of resistant diseases.
Ben at April 8, 2018 7:01 AM
Oh, okay. So the next time the kid has strep, don't let the doctor give him amoxicillin. I'll see you in court when you're charged with the child's death because the untreated strep caused toxic shock syndrome.
Patrick at April 8, 2018 5:36 PM
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