The Audio Taubes: Is Sugar Toxic?
Gary Taubes interviewed on Think Out Loud.
And Dr. Michael Eades has just posted a wonderful blog item explaining Gary Taubes' book, Why We Get Fat: And What to Do About It. An excerpt:
We now know why we get fat. Excess insulin drives fat into the fat cells increasing the fat cell mass, ultimately leading to the state we call obesity. If we keep walking this progression back, the next question has to be, Why do we make too much insulin?We make too much insulin because we eat too many carbohydrates, especially sugar and other refined carbohydrates. With that statement, we're starting to edge into controversial territory, but it's only territory populated by the ignorant. The hard science is emphatic that carbs are a pure insulin play. Eat them and your insulin goes up.
Some people with a little learning may be quick to point out that protein drives insulin up as well. This is true, but with a catch. Protein drives both insulin and glucagon up, so you don't have the pure insulin effect. Only carbs will give you that. With carbs, insulin goes up while glucagon goes down. With meat and other proteins, the effects of the elevated insulin are muted by the concomitant rise in glucagon. (Glucagon isn't called insulin's counter-regulatory hormone for nothing.)
As Gary lays out the progression, carbs increase insulin, excess insulin drives excess fat into the fat cells, the fat cell mass grows, and we become fat. This chain of cause and effect leads to the ineluctable conclusion that excess carbohydrate intake leads to obesity. And each and every link forged in this chain is scientifically unimpeachable.
So if you are fat and want this progression to reverse itself, wouldn't it make sense to reduce your carbohydrate intake? All the science is valid. But don't just take my word for it. Gary writes of a former Harvard professor responsible for much of the early work in the field of the regulation of fat accumulation who summed it up like this:
Carbohydrate is driving insulin is driving fat.If you put that in reverse, you should cut the carbs, reduce the insulin and lose the fat. Seems simple, but here is where all kinds of controversy rears its head. Even the very smart Harvard professor who did the original work and uttered the above quote, when asked by Gary why there is so much obesity, responded that people didn't exercise enough. Which also proves true what Saul Bellow wrote years ago:
A great deal of intelligence can be invested in ignorance when the need for illusion is deep.







"Protein drives both insulin and glucagon up, so you don't have the pure insulin effect"
Was wondering about that! Thanks! I've read why you shouldn't low carb and everyone states protein drives insulin up too. Well guess that's only half the answer.
Thanks to Seroquel my body is fucked up when it comes to sugar. This little drug is known to cause diabetes and even though I don't have diabetes my body acts like I do. I skip all sugar and I loose a ton of weight. I eat a little bit of sugar and I gain 900lbs.
Ppen at May 7, 2011 2:12 AM
I agree with the science, as well as the results. I lost over 100 lbs with a moderate carb restriced diet, around 100 g per day, over 6 months.
However, this is a one dimensional view. Since then I have trained and become a performance athlete. I spend 1 to 2 hours a day on activities that could be called "working out", sometimes weightlifting, running, biking, rock climbing, etc. I need about 2500 to 3000 calories a day to maintain my weight, and if I don't have 300 g to 400 g of complex carbs a day, my performance suffers. Note, I never eat bread, pasta, table sugar, or sweetened foods. Only whole grains, fruits, and veggies.
The fact that carbs raise insulin levels is clear, but how your body can use that insulin, which is an anabolic hormone, second only to Human Growth Hormone, can be varied depending on your activity level and total body energy balance.
DocScott at May 7, 2011 6:44 AM
I've been experimenting with more fruit. Those of us who LC tend to avoid it, as fruits are technically high in carbs, but I've found, so far, that I can eat blueberries and cantaloupe and many other fruits, in moderation, without weight gain. I certainly couldn't do that with bread or pasta, so perhaps the effect on insulin is different?
I've also discovered that increasing my fat intake boosts weight loss. LC diets are really high fat diets, as counterintuitive as that seems.
That was mistake I had been making previously - lowering carbs, but not upping fats. A low carb, low fat diet won't work. It should be 60% fat, 30% protein and 10% carbs...at least for those of us who aren't very athletic.
lovelysoul at May 7, 2011 7:46 AM
Oh how I wish you liked to cruise, Amy. You would have been in hog heaven with our Low Carb Cruise this past week. I am just off the ship, and I can simply say this was the best cruise I have EVER taken, and I have taken lots of cruises.
The guest speaker list was absolutely impeccable, and access to each of them was amazing. I am still totally star-struck over these wonderful people who were in no way acting like stars, but instead as people who wanted to share their knowledge. (And star-struck isn't something I have ever been accused of.)
Its gonna be a long year, but I'll be on next year's cruise, too.
gharkness at May 7, 2011 8:12 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2111866">comment from gharknessWow, sounds great, gharkness, except for the part where I'd be curled up in a fetal position in bed, absolutely green.
Amy Alkon
at May 7, 2011 8:40 AM
Who arranges the cruises, gharkness? I read about it on some guy's LC site...Jimmy somebody?
lovelysoul at May 7, 2011 8:59 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2111907">comment from lovelysoulJimmy Moore. http://livinlavidalowcarb.com/blog/
Amy Alkon
at May 7, 2011 9:00 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2111910">comment from Amy AlkonWow -look at the before/after low-carbers: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ujnQ2QRHFec/TZeGtUbo4RI/AAAAAAAABMA/H04P8UzjhZI/s1600/MomCJBeforeAfter.jpg
Amy Alkon
at May 7, 2011 9:02 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2111914">comment from Amy AlkonThe FB like page of the woman who lost 249 lbs. by low-carbing: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Low-Carb-CJ/135397506515018
Amy Alkon
at May 7, 2011 9:04 AM
Yeah, wow. How inspiring. Thanks, Amy. I found the official cruise website on her FB page.
I wish there were more LC products. Back when Atkins was all the rage, you could find more in the stores, but now, most of the LC products are gone, and many that you order aren't that good. The protein bars, for instance, have sugar alcohols, which spike insulin for a lot of people the same as sugar. I can't eat them. Doeas anybody know of a really good LC protein bar?
I order my protein shakes from Jay Robb - www.jayrobb.com. They are made with stevia, and all natural ingredients. Really delicious.
lovelysoul at May 7, 2011 9:17 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2111949">comment from lovelysoulMy sister, who was a fan of Jimmy Moore's site and knew and respected Dr. Eades' work before I ever read him, makes some weird stuff called Pemmican, that's some native American formula of ground meat/jerky. Not sweet, but apparently, you can have it in a bag at the bottom of your purse. I just packed up a little ziplock bag of some sausage (cut-up) that I cooked the other day in case I get hungry while I'm out.
Amy Alkon
at May 7, 2011 9:21 AM
lovelysoul: Low carb products are what killed low carb a few years ago. Why? because all the obfuscation on the label (fiber, net carbs, "effective" carbs) is all a bunch of BS.
The problem with low carb "products" is that they are NOT low carb. People bought them by the tubload, then complained that "low carb doesn't work." Yes Low Carb works....but the products are not low carb.
Amy, one of our main presenters, Fred Hahn of Slow Burn fame, was positively green the whole cruise. I can assure you that even with the help of several medicines, it had to have been a tough cruise for him. But I have it on good authority, he'll be back next year!
One additional note: just made it through security at FLL. No nekkid scanners! No 'enhanced' pat downs! YAY!
gharkness at May 7, 2011 12:50 PM
Yeah, gharkness, it's a shame. There were a few products that were good. The bad ones ruined it for everybody. The "net" carbs thing is a joke. I always have to look at the total carbs.
It seems to me that somebody could do well with prepacked LC meals. That is the biggest challenge for me - the cooking and making sure I have LC options on hand. And I love cooking, but often, when I get hungry, I don't want to take the time.
lovelysoul at May 8, 2011 5:28 AM
lovelysoul, keep stuff on hand. One of the best appetite-killing and filling foods I can think of requires no cooking. I always have a few packages of the very thin-sliced lunch meat and some cheese on hand at work (refrigerator), or anywhere I might likely need or want something to eat. And in fact, you can even buy cooked and peeled hard-boiled eggs.
On the plane home yesteray, we stopped and bought the lunch meat, cheese and eggs. More food than we could eat, but we weren't hungry when we arrived home, which removed a lot of temptation.
While I love to cook, sometimes finding time can be a challenge. I think Amy mentions she keeps some hard salami with her (which doesn't require refrigeration). Granted, it may not taste like chocolate cake, but if you are truly hungry, ANY good food will look good. And if you aren't hungry....why would you eat? (This is still a challenge for me, so I am not pointing fingers.)
gharkness at May 8, 2011 5:57 AM
I rarely endorse things, but buy a flavorwave, frozen to medium rare(depending on thickness) in 10 to 15 minutes
lujlp at May 8, 2011 6:22 AM
Oops. We didn't stop anywhere ON the plane home. But before we got on our flight, we detoured to the grocery store.
I think I am tired....
gharkness at May 8, 2011 6:39 AM
I've never heard of flavorwave. I'll look into it.
My problem is that I'm not a big meat eater, which makes it even more challenging. If I really loved bacon and luncheon meat, it would be so much easier. I eat it, of course, because it works, but I don't particularly enjoy the LC diet. I'm not even very fond of eggs.
The kids are taking me to brunch today, and I'm sure I'll have an omelette. I often make a crustless quiche to keep on hand. I like that better than most other ways of consuming eggs.
I have found some snack cheesy things called "just the cheese". I order them from Amazon. Only 1 gram of carbs per small bag. They taste a little like cardboard, but they're nice to have when you're craving some crunch. I also make some flax meal crackers.
lovelysoul at May 8, 2011 6:39 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2114724">comment from lovelysoulHere's a link to the Flavorwave thing: Flavorwave Turbo Oven.
Amy Alkon
at May 8, 2011 7:33 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2114726">comment from Amy AlkonI cook parsley in the remaining bacon grease (you could use coconut oil) and get it all crunchy.
Amy Alkon
at May 8, 2011 7:34 AM
Lovelysoul, pretty much anything pre-packaged isn't going to be good for you. You are fighting a losing battle trying to eat in this style of low-carb if you don't like meat or eggs. You could try nuts and avocado as snacks though.
Sam at May 8, 2011 12:57 PM
"Fighting a losing battle" is a very apt description. It's tough, but I am losing. :)
lovelysoul at May 8, 2011 6:52 PM
Yah, maybe, but any dietary change you can't maintain for the rest of your life is frankly pretty useless. You aren't envisioning that once you lose however much you desire you will just be able to stop right? That is why diets fail.
Sam at May 8, 2011 10:06 PM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2116357">comment from SamSam, that's typical thinking that a lot of people parrot. And sure, if you're restricting yourself to carrot sticks and you're hungry all the time, you're going to eventually fall off the veggie wagon. But, I eat the way I do (no carbs, save for those I get in vegetables, cheese, etc., and a scoop of ice cream once a week) not just to be thin but because sugar and flour and starchy carbs seem to promote all sorts of diseases and ailments.
And really, how hard is it to make your routine waking up every day to three strips of crispy, greasy bacon and a cheese omelette fried in lots of butter? And then steak, and buttered vegetables and salad with lots of dressing and bacon bits and cheese and avocado.
And then, eating this way, no need to exercise much at all. (I could go without exercise entirely and stay thin, but I need to keep my bones and heart moving and a little cardio clears my head when I'm writing.)
Amy Alkon
at May 8, 2011 10:26 PM
Amy, what I don't understand is why you are unable to fathom that people can dislike or grow tired of steak, eggs, and bacon. If you hated what you were eating, would you keep it up?
I hate steak. Bacon is delicious, but two pieces is enough to last me for an entire month. I eat maybe four eggs per week and don't want any more. I'm totally down with buttered veggies, cheese, salad with dressing - this is what I eat every day. I don't eat much meat so I snack on nuts and fruit and eat a LOT of beans.
I exercise a lot and so I find that intact grains like brown rice and barley are necessary for me to feel good. (When I don't run, like when I'm sick, I don't crave the grains.) Lovelysoul stated above that she doesn't enjoy eating meat or eggs. Would you agree that different preferences and different lifestyles might make for different dietary needs?
Sam at May 8, 2011 11:14 PM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2116419">comment from SamThe Inuit and Masai eat a diet that is largely flesh. I don't get tired of doing what the evidence suggests will keep me (and my brain) healthy into old age -- especially not when it's not eating tofu but steak and eggs and cheese and buttered green beans and dry Italian salami.
There's some suggestion Alzheimer's is diabetes of the brain. That's what some call it. And there are myriad reasons to not eat wheat. Go to heartscan blog and search for "wheat" and "whole grain." But, hey, if dietary boredom is too much for you to handle, go for the roll. And the rolls it's likely to cause if you're a typical middle-aged American.
Amy Alkon
at May 8, 2011 11:21 PM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2116423">comment from Amy AlkonMy favorite quote about the healthy whole grain myth from cardiologist William Davis (of Heartscan blog):
"White flour bad, whole grain better; just as Marlboros are bad, Salems are better."
Amy Alkon
at May 8, 2011 11:23 PM
Amy I think it is great that you put this information out there because there are so many people who are needlessly depriving themselves or unsuccessful at losing weight that need to hear it! At the same time, I think it's to disingenuous to imply that it's an all-or-nothing choice between eating zero carbs and being fat.
Personally I eat relatively low carb: no starches but a moderate amount of carbs from fruit, vegetables, and greek yogurt. By eating this way I can easily maintain a 15 pound weight loss (went from average size 6 to thin size 2) without ever feeling hungry or deprived.
And I'm willing to bet that this is what the majority of people want: they don't really care about knowing all the science or being the thinnest or the ultimate healthiest they can be, they just want to look good and feel good without feeling like they have to be on a diet for the rest of their lives. And yes it absolutely helps to know the science and the research, but ultimately there's more than one way to achieve this.
Shannon at May 9, 2011 12:23 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2117258">comment from ShannonAt the same time, I think it's to disingenuous to imply that it's an all-or-nothing choice between eating zero carbs and being fat.
But, I don't do that. Not all people will get fat from eating carbs. I
Again, flour and sugar seem to be quite UNHEALTHY for the human body and brain.
I'm not a Hollywood star and I don't need to be stick thin. Cutting out carbs has gotten me out of a fog I was in when I ate them (I didn't know I was in a fog until I stopped) and caused me to have more energy, more even energy and to sleep less. My skin and and digestion are much better as well. Eating fat is really great for my skin. And guess what: If you don't eat carbs, you don't have gas. Really ever, unless somebody slips some flour in your soup or something.
Amy Alkon
at May 9, 2011 5:12 AM
I can still follow an LC diet and not eat steak and bacon. There are plenty of LC vegetarians. However, this requires even more planning and cooking ahead. It's also a bit harder to keep the carb counts down, as all veggies have some carbs, unlike meat.
I also don't eat this way ALL the time. I have my splurge moments. It's never good to be totally deprived. It's one reason I'm trying to introduce more fruit.
I also find that carb cycling works, though I'm not entirely sure why. If I go all day with almost zero carbs, then in the evening, I can have some limited quantity - maybe a potato or brown rice or whole wheat pasta - and I still lose weight, sometimes even more dramatically.
This is Jay Robb's method. I have no idea what Eades thinks of it, but supposedly athletes have long used it to drop pounds.
But I use all these methods just to keep my weight in check. I'm generally comfortable with the weight range I'm in, but I employ the LC diet when I notice the scale creeping up, as it tends to more easily do past 40.
lovelysoul at May 9, 2011 5:40 AM
Amy, what I don't understand is why you are unable to fathom that people can dislike or grow tired of steak, eggs, and bacon. If you hated what you were eating, would you keep it up?
What always strikes me whenever Amy talks about her diet is the different attitudes people have toward eating and food. Amy sounds very happy with her diet and it's ideal for someone who does not cook but I could never stand the lack of variety. My husband and I love to cook. In the past week, we've had: lamb meatballs with pita, hummus, and baba ganoush; pot stickers and Thai glass noodle salad; chicken enchiladas with red chile; Jungle curry with sticky rice; and a lemon tart for Mother's Day. All homemade, cause we think it's fun. If sugar and flour are poisons then I will treat them as I do alcohol: an indulgence that is part of good living.
Astra at May 9, 2011 6:20 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2011/05/07/the_audio_taube.html#comment-2117651">comment from AstraI'm not "unable to fathom" this. I make it a priority to eat as healthily as I can. That means limiting what I eat. If the tradeoff isn't worth it to you, you won't make it. Not a big deal -- a personal decision/values thing.
Last night, I needed to go to Costco to get some food, but I was having a hard time culling a vast quantity of information into my column. I spent my entire weekend glued to a computer. I would rather have gone out to the Natural History Museum (which we discovered at USC a few weeks ago) or done any number of things. I care about making my column funny and translating science so it's understandable. So, I came home from writing at Starbucks to pound away on my computer for a few more hours. My choice, because it's where my priorities lie.
Amy Alkon
at May 9, 2011 7:07 AM
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