A Calorie Is Not A Calorie
That was just one point of Gary Taubes' Good Calories, Bad Calories. Biologist and science writer Rob Dunn explains it -- and in some interesting detail -- referencing recent research, in a very interesting guest blog item on SciAm, "The Hidden Truths About Calories":
Just this month, a new study by Janet Novotny and colleagues at the USDA found that when the "average" person eats almonds she receives just 128 calories per serving rather than the 170 calories "on the label."It is not totally clear why nuts such as almonds or pistachios yield fewer calories than they "should." Tough cell walls? Maybe. But there are other options too, if not for the nuts themselves then for other foods.
For one, our bodies seem to expend different quantities of energy to deal with different kinds of food (the energy expended produces heat and so is referred to by scientists as "diet-induced thermogensis"); some foods require us to do more work than others. Proteins can require ten to twenty times as much heat-energy to digest as fats, but the loss of calories as heat energy is not accounted for at all on packaging.
For another, foods differ in how and where they are digested in our guts. Some foods such as honey are so readily used that our digestive system is really not even put to good use. They are absorbed in our small intestines; game mostly over. More complex foods, on the other hand, such as cassava or almonds, have to travel to the colon where they meet up with the largest concentrations of our little friends, the microbes.
...But what about meat? Cooked meat was easier to digest. The mice lost 2 grams of body mass on raw meat but just 1 gram on cooked meat. In retrospect this does not seem surprising. Heat denatures proteins and makes them easier to digest. Heat also kills bacteria and might decrease the immune cost of eating meat by reducing the work the immune system has to do which allows the body to make, well, more body for a given number of calories.
In general, it seems that the more processed foods are the more they actually give us the number of calories we see on the box, bag or other sort of label. This applies not just to cooking and pounding but also to industrial processing.
Via @DrEades, who has a very interesting blog item up himself, "Can your food make you fit?"







Nuts are a snacking mainstay when you are lowcarb.
Unfortunately most nuts are high in Omega-6.
Engineer at August 28, 2012 10:49 PM
If you haven't seen it, here is a another take on it from a slightly different standpoint, refuting the position that "a calorie is a calorie or else you'd violate thermodynamics".
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC506782/
Published online 2004 July 28
Abstract
The principle of "a calorie is a calorie," that weight change in hypocaloric diets is independent of macronutrient composition, is widely held in the popular and technical literature, and is frequently justified by appeal to the laws of thermodynamics. We review here some aspects of thermodynamics that bear on weight loss and the effect of macronutrient composition. The focus is the so-called metabolic advantage in low-carbohydrate diets – greater weight loss compared to isocaloric diets of different composition. Two laws of thermodynamics are relevant to the systems considered in nutrition and, whereas the first law is a conservation (of energy) law, the second is a dissipation law: something (negative entropy) is lost and therefore balance is not to be expected in diet interventions. Here, we propose that a misunderstanding of the second law accounts for the controversy about the role of macronutrient effect on weight loss and we review some aspects of elementary thermodynamics. We use data in the literature to show that thermogenesis is sufficient to predict metabolic advantage. Whereas homeostasis ensures balance under many conditions, as a general principle, "a calorie is a calorie" violates the second law of thermodynamics.
jerry at August 29, 2012 12:06 AM
I'd like to find a good (reliable, inexpensive) supplier of macademia nuts (but perhaps we all would.)
jerry at August 29, 2012 12:07 AM
Anyone have any experiences or resources about low-carbing during pregnancy? Not to loose weight, of course.
It would be super helpful to me right now.
Thanks.
Feebie at August 29, 2012 8:24 AM
This is from DR. Eades blog:
http://www.proteinpower.com/drmike/uncategorized/so-big-and-so-healthy-indeed/
"According to my reading on the subject the optimal dietary steps a pregnant woman should take are to reduce consumption of refined carbohydrates during the first trimester and increase protein intake significantly during the last trimester. Why? The first trimester is when the fetus is forming many of its organs, including its pancreas. The volatile blood sugar and consequent insulin swings refined carbohydrate intake occasions in the mother are transmitted to the fetus, who then develops a pancreas filled with beta cells that are less sensitive. In other words, the fetus develops a pancreas that is prone to insulin resistance even prior to birth. The rapid growth of the fetus in the last trimester demands a lot of protein. If the protein is provided in the diet, then the fetus gets plenty for normal growth and doesn’t have to rob from the mother creating a situation where both may be damaged."
You can get to his forums from the blog as well.
Steamer at August 29, 2012 9:03 AM
steamer, thank you!
I don't know why I was unable to come up with that when I tried searching his blog a few times... I appreciate it.
I did however manage to leave fresh Kale in my cupboard and all my grocery receipts in the freezer this last week.....Oi.
Feebie at August 29, 2012 9:07 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2012/08/29/a_calorie_is_no_1.html#comment-3316866">comment from FeebieI did however manage to leave fresh Kale in my cupboard and all my grocery receipts in the freezer this last week.....Oi.
Either you're pregnant or you're me!
Amy Alkon
at August 29, 2012 9:24 AM
The blurb was buried in a post about diet during the civil war compared to today, so it's not surprising that it didn't show up on a search. I found a reference to it in the forums. (I can't remember if you have to register to view the forums.)
Steamer at August 29, 2012 9:30 AM
Amy - I am pregnant, but I can tell you I do this a lot - only it's usually once a month. Not several times within a week.
Gotta long road ahead. :-)
Thanks, Steamer. I am just trying to find out I guess how to stay out of ketosis (or if that is even necessary) while still maintaining a low carb diet. I am avoiding refined carbs, but from what I am reading (not Eades, who I would trust) the sources say you should NOT go into ketosis during pregnancy.
So, obviously, this is an area a lot of people are not comfortable advising on - for good reason consiering how litigious everyone is these days.
Sorry for the threadjack - just been waiting for one of these posts to come up so i could ask. Not many pregnant women do low carb diets, so I am finding information hard to come by.
Feebie at August 29, 2012 9:47 AM
Feebie, here's a little blurb from Dr. Eenfeldt about his wife's low-carb pregnancy:
http://www.dietdoctor.com/expecting-our-paleo-baby
I went low-carb immediately after my last pregnancy so I can't really comment on what sorts of adjustments would need to be made, but I have no intention of going back to my old eating habits when I get pregnant again. I feel great eating the way I do, and as long as that holds true, there's no way I'm throwing starch back in the mix.
Cynical Jess at August 29, 2012 10:14 AM
Amy Alkon
http://www.advicegoddess.com/archives/2012/08/29/a_calorie_is_no_1.html#comment-3316919">comment from FeebieAmy - I am pregnant, but I can tell you I do this a lot - only it's usually once a month.
My agent, who had her baby this past year, called it "pregnancy brain."
At least mine doesn't come with swollen ankles and morning sickness!
Amy Alkon
at August 29, 2012 11:52 AM
I love that, pregnancy brain!
Funny thing is, only had morning sickness twice. Both times I indulged in sweets the previous night.
I'm now sticking to pickles. Haven't had a problem since. Don't know if it's relational, but workin so far.
Feebie at August 29, 2012 7:17 PM
www.drjaywortman.com/blog/wordpress/2009/08/
nonegiven at August 29, 2012 7:42 PM
>> Some foods such as honey are so
>> readily used that our digestive
>> system is really not even put to
>> good use. They are absorbed in our
>> small intestines; game mostly over.
I would recommend a new diabetic keep honey sticks or a jar of real honey around in case they accidentally use too much insulin. It is the best antidote.
http://www.amazon.com/Stash-Premium-Original-Sticks-20-Count/dp/B001E5E272
Anonymous Coward at August 29, 2012 8:39 PM
Feebie, congrats! Also, I know exactly what you mean about pregnancy brain. Luckily, it mostly goes away after the baby.. but for me, not completely! I just had my son in May, so maybe I need more time, haha!
Anyway, a good online sources is "Mark's Daily Apple," his blog has a few articles on pregnancy.
betterbabybook(dot)com is a site that has some interesting articles.
and this blog has a lot of info within it, plus some nice recipes on healthy eating: http://amomonamission.wordpress.com/
Anyway, good luck! I had such bad morning sickness, and protein and fat made it waaay worse for me. I tried not to beat myself up too much about eating food that wasn't low carb, but when you're throwing up everything you eat, I figured it was better to be eating SOMEthing, even if it wasn't my best option.
Angie at August 30, 2012 10:15 AM
Feebie, I did low carb with both my pregnancies with no issues. I ate meat, eggs, cheese, and some veggies primarily with occasional berries (strawberries and raspberries). I didn't have any issues whatsoever with ketosis, although what I ate was my normal diet already. Of course it did no good for preventing me from developing gestational diabetes either time and requiring insulin. Kind of unexpected considering I'm thin, eat low carb, have no family history of any type of diabetes, and have excellent A1c levels and stable blood sugars ranging 70-90 while not pregnant. My doctor said it's probably related to my age (31) and my blood clotting disorder (autoimmune) that screws with my system.
BunnyGirl at August 30, 2012 12:09 PM
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